An ecosystem refers to a community of living organisms (plants, animals and microbes) interacting with each other and their environment. It also includes physical components such as soil, water, sunlight, air, and nutrients that are necessary for the survival and growth of these organisms. The term ecosystem can refer to a small area like a pond or forest, or it can encompass larger regions such as a river basin or even an entire planet. Ecosystems play a vital role in maintaining the balance of nature by providing food, shelter and breeding grounds for various species while also recycling nutrients and energy within their environment.