The term "extract" has several meanings, depending on its context.
In general terms, an extract is a substance obtained by extracting or distilling a plant, fruit, or other natural source. This can refer to anything from making tea with a tea bag to using essential oils derived from plants through steam distillation.
Outside of this context, "extract" may also refer to information that has been extracted from a larger body of data, such as text mining or data scraping. In computer programming, an extract is a statement that obtains values for variables by referring to specific elements in arrays or other data structures.
In linguistics, the term "extract" can also refer to a sentence or phrase taken from its original context and used on its own as an example of language use.