A temperature gradient refers to a change in temperature over a specific distance or area. It is typically measured in units such as degrees Celsius, Fahrenheit, or Kelvin per unit length (e.g., °C/m). Temperature gradients can occur naturally due to differences in heat absorption and reflection by surfaces, air masses moving at different speeds, or variations in solar radiation received by an area. They also play a crucial role in many natural processes such as weather patterns, ocean currents, and the formation of mountains. In human-made systems, temperature gradients can be used to optimize heat transfer in engines, furnaces, and other devices that rely on convection or conduction for energy exchange.