Academic standards refer to a set of expectations or criteria that define what students should know, understand and be able to do in terms of their knowledge, skills and abilities. These standards provide guidelines for curriculum development, assessment and evaluation, and are used by educators to ensure that students receive a quality education that prepares them for success in higher education or the workforce. Academic standards may vary depending on the subject matter, grade level, or educational system, but they generally aim to provide consistency across different schools and institutions, ensuring that all students have access to a rigorous and challenging curriculum that meets their needs and helps them achieve their full potential.