The term archaeology refers to the scientific study of past human societies, primarily through the excavation and analysis of their material culture. Archaeologists use various methods such as radiocarbon dating, stratigraphy, and anthropological studies to understand the history, culture, economy, and other aspects of ancient civilizations. The goal is to piece together information about how people lived in the past by examining physical remains like pottery, tools, buildings, and human remains. Archaeology helps us learn more about our ancestors and their way of life, as well as providing insights into the development of human societies over time.