The term "battery materials" refers to any substances or components used in the construction and operation of a battery. These materials can include electrodes, such as anodes and cathodes, which are made from various metals or other conductive materials; electrolytes, which are typically composed of chemicals that facilitate the flow of electric charge between the electrodes; separators, which prevent direct contact between the positive and negative electrodes; and casings, which provide structural support for the battery. The quality and composition of these materials can greatly impact the performance, efficiency, and lifespan of a battery.