The term bruise refers to an injury that occurs when small blood vessels underneath the skin are damaged, causing discoloration and pain. A bruise typically results from a blow or impact to the body, such as falling or being hit. The area may be swollen, tender, and can range in color from yellowish green to reddish purple. Bruises usually heal on their own within a few weeks, but there are ways to speed up the process, including applying ice, taking over-the-counter pain medication, and elevating the affected area.