Cirrhosis is a condition in which the liver becomes severely damaged and its function declines. It occurs when healthy liver tissue is replaced by scar tissue, caused by long-term exposure to toxins such as alcohol or viral hepatitis, or from autoimmune diseases or genetic factors. The scarring impairs the liver's ability to process nutrients, filter blood and produce essential proteins. Cirrhosis can lead to complications like portal hypertension, ascites, and an increased risk of liver cancer. It is a chronic condition that requires lifelong management and monitoring.