A coin toss is a method used to make a random decision by flipping a coin. It involves throwing or dropping a coin in such a way that it turns end over end, and calling out its outcome - heads or tails - based on which side faces up when it lands. The result of the coin toss is considered fair because there are two equally likely possible outcomes, making it an impartial means of settling a dispute or determining the winner in a game or competition where chance plays a role.