Congenital defects refer to abnormalities or problems that a baby is born with, which are usually present from before birth. These can be structural or functional in nature and may result from genetic factors, environmental influences, or a combination of both. Examples of congenital defects include heart defects, cleft lip or palate, Down syndrome, spina bifida, and limb abnormalities among others. These conditions can range in severity, with some being life-threatening while others may cause only minor health issues throughout a person's lifetime. Early detection and intervention are crucial to managing congenital defects and improving the quality of life for affected individuals.