Copying refers to making a duplicate or exact replica of something. It can involve reproducing text, images, sounds, videos, software programs, and other forms of intellectual property. The process may be done manually, such as by handwriting or typing, or it can be automated using technology like photocopy machines, scanners, printers, or digital file-sharing tools. Copying is often used to create backups, share information, or preserve cultural artifacts, but it can also infringe on the rights of creators and copyright holders if done without permission.