Fungal infections refer to conditions caused by fungi, which are microorganisms that can live on dead or living tissue. These infections occur when there is an overgrowth of fungi, often due to a weakened immune system or environmental factors such as warm and moist conditions. Fungal infections can affect various parts of the body including skin, hair, nails, lungs, throat, and other organs. Some common types of fungal infections include athlete's foot, ringworm, jock itch, and yeast infections such as oral thrush and vaginal candidiasis. Treatment for these infections may involve antifungal medications, topical creams, or ointments depending on the severity and location of the infection.