Geostatistics is a branch of statistics that deals with the collection, analysis and interpretation of spatial data. It involves using statistical methods to analyze and model spatial patterns in data, such as those found in geographical information systems (GIS). Geostatistical techniques are used to estimate the distribution of variables at unsampled locations based on sample data, allowing for the creation of maps that show patterns or trends in a particular dataset. These methods can be applied to various fields including agriculture, mining, environmental science and urban planning among others.