Definition of «homologous chromosomes»

Homologous chromosomes are pairs of chromosomes in an organism that have a similar genetic makeup and structure, but may not necessarily contain identical genes. They are believed to be derived from a common ancestor through the process of duplication and subsequent diversification over millions of years. Homologous chromosomes can provide valuable information about the evolutionary history of an organism and help scientists understand how different species are related.

Usage examples

In humans, homologous chromosomes refer to the two chromosomes (one from each parent) that pair up during meiosis and carry the same genes at the same locations.
Homologous chromosomes can undergo a process called crossing over during meiosis, where they exchange genetic material, leading to genetic variation in offspring.
The pairing of homologous chromosomes is crucial for ensuring proper chromosome segregation and genetic diversity during sexual reproduction.
Analysis of the homologous chromosomes can aid in determining familial relationships through DNA profiling techniques, such as paternity tests or forensic investigations.
Homologous chromosomes can be visually observed and studied during metaphase I of meiosis under a microscope, where they align side by side before their separation into different cells.

Sentences with «homologous chromosomes»

During meiosis, each set of homologous chromosomes pair up in a kind of chromosomal square dance, chromosome 1 with chromosome 1, 2 with 2, and so on down the line. (sciencedaily.com)
More than a century ago using electron microscopy, scientists have identified a unique, ladder - like structure, the synaptonemal complex, which assembles between homologous chromosomes during meiosis. (embl.de)
Daniel K, Lange J, Hached K, Fu J, Anastassiadis K, Roig I, Cooke HJ, Stewart AF, Wassmann K, Jasin J, Keeney S, Tóth A. Meiotic homologous chromosome alignment and its surveillance are controlled by mouse HORMAD1. (dresden-ipp.de)
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