A massive cyber attack refers to a large-scale, coordinated attempt by hackers or other malicious actors to breach computer systems and networks. This type of attack can involve multiple attack vectors, such as phishing emails, exploits of software vulnerabilities, and distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks that overwhelm a system with traffic in order to shut it down. The goal of the attackers may vary from stealing sensitive information or data, disrupting services, extortion, or causing damage for political reasons. A massive cyber attack can have severe consequences, including financial losses, reputational harm, and compromised personal privacy.