The term "materials and techniques" refers to the various materials used in a particular art form, as well as the methods or processes employed by an artist when creating their work. This can include everything from traditional media such as paint, canvas, and clay, to more modern materials like digital software and virtual reality technology. The term also encompasses techniques such as brushwork, glazing, or printing, which are specific ways of using these materials in the creation process. Understanding an artist's choice of materials and techniques can provide valuable insight into their creative vision and artistic style.