Menstrual cramps, also known as dysmenorrhea, are painful sensations that occur in a woman's lower abdomen during menstruation. These cramps are caused by contractions of the uterine muscles, which help to expel the lining of the uterus during periods. The severity and duration of these cramps can vary from one woman to another, with some experiencing mild discomfort while others may have severe pain that interferes with their daily activities. Menstrual cramps are usually treated with over-the-counter medications or prescription drugs to manage the pain.