A model system is a specific organism, population or community that is used as an example to study and understand complex biological processes. It serves as a simplified representation of a natural phenomenon, allowing researchers to conduct experiments and make observations in a controlled environment. Model systems are often chosen because they exhibit certain characteristics or traits that make them ideal for studying specific aspects of biology, such as genetics, development, physiology, behavior or ecology. By using model systems, scientists can gain insights into the underlying mechanisms and principles governing living organisms, which can then be applied to other species or environments.