Neural activity refers to the electrical and chemical events that occur within neurons in the brain. It involves the generation, propagation, and reception of nerve impulses or action potentials which are responsible for transmitting information throughout the nervous system. This process is essential for various cognitive functions such as learning, memory, perception, decision-making, and motor control. Neural activity can be measured using techniques like electroencephalography (EEG) or magnetoencephalography (MEG), which record electrical signals generated by neurons in the brain.