A neurosurgeon is a medical doctor who specializes in the diagnosis and surgical treatment of disorders of the nervous system, including the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves. They are trained to perform complex surgeries on the brain and spine to treat conditions such as tumors, aneurysms, herniated discs, and other injuries or diseases that affect the central nervous system. Neurosurgeons use a variety of techniques and technologies, including advanced imaging, microsurgery, and neurophysiological monitoring to ensure the best possible outcomes for their patients.