Nuclear energy refers to the energy that is generated through nuclear reactions, specifically by splitting atoms or using fission. This type of energy production involves the use of radioactive materials such as uranium and plutonium which are used in reactors to produce heat. The heat produced from this reaction is then converted into electricity through a process called steam generation. Nuclear power plants generate large amounts of electricity with minimal emissions, making it an attractive option for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and combating climate change. However, the production, storage, and disposal of nuclear waste are significant challenges that must be addressed to make this form of energy fully sustainable.