Optogenetics is a field that combines optics and genetics to control cells in living organisms. It involves using light-sensitive proteins, such as channelrhodopsin or halorhodopsin, which are introduced into specific cells of an organism through genetic engineering techniques. These proteins can be activated by exposure to light, allowing researchers to manipulate cellular activity with high precision and speed. Optogenetics is widely used in neuroscience research to study the function of specific neurons and neural circuits, as well as for developing potential therapies for neurological disorders.