Osteoarthritis is a condition that affects the joints, causing pain and stiffness due to the breakdown of cartilage. It occurs when the protective layer of cartilage on the ends of bones wears down over time, leading to inflammation and irritation in the affected joint. This can result from aging, injury or obesity, among other factors. Osteoarthritis is a common condition that can affect people of all ages but becomes more prevalent with age. Treatment may include medications, physical therapy, or surgery to repair or replace damaged joints.