Oxidation is a chemical process that occurs when an element loses electrons, resulting in the formation of positive ions (cations) and negative ions (anions). This loss of electrons often leads to changes in the physical properties or reactivity of the substance. Oxidation can occur naturally or through human intervention, such as during metal corrosion or when an acidic solution is mixed with a base. The process is typically accompanied by the release of energy and the formation of new compounds.