The rib cage refers to a part of the human body that is composed of 12 pairs of ribs and their associated bones, which are connected by cartilage. The primary function of this structure is to protect vital organs such as the heart and lungs from injury. Additionally, it also supports respiration by providing attachment points for muscles involved in breathing movements. In summary, the rib cage plays a crucial role in maintaining the integrity of internal body structures while facilitating essential physiological processes.