A schema is a mental model or framework that people use to organize and interpret information. It can be thought of as a set of assumptions, expectations, or beliefs about how something should work or what the outcome will be based on past experiences or knowledge. Schemas help individuals make sense of their environment by providing a structure for understanding and interpreting new situations. They are often developed in early childhood through interactions with caregivers and can influence behavior, decision-making, and perceptions throughout life.