A sniffer is a device or program that can detect and analyze data packets passing over a network. It typically examines each packet to determine its type, content, and destination, then takes appropriate action based on predefined criteria. Sniffers are commonly used for security purposes, such as monitoring network traffic for signs of intrusion attempts or malware infections. They can also be employed for diagnostic or troubleshooting tasks, allowing administrators to identify issues with network performance or connectivity.