Surface properties refer to the characteristics and attributes that are unique to a surface or interface, as opposed to its bulk properties. These include physical and chemical properties such as roughness, wettability, adhesion, friction, color, and other phenomena that occur at the boundary between two different materials. Surface properties play an important role in determining how substances interact with each other, including their ability to spread or mix, absorb or repel liquids, or support specific chemical reactions. Understanding surface properties is crucial for a wide range of applications, from coatings and adhesives to microelectronics and biomedical devices.