Thalassemia is a genetic blood disorder characterized by reduced or absent production of one or more of the hemoglobin proteins found in red blood cells. This can lead to anemia, which causes fatigue and weakness, as well as other complications such as yellowing of the skin (jaundice), bone deformities, and organ enlargement. Thalassemias are inherited disorders that affect individuals with a family history of the condition. There are two main types: alpha thalassemia and beta thalassemia, which vary in severity depending on how many hemoglobin proteins are affected. Treatment for thalassemia may include blood transfusions to help manage anemia symptoms, as well as medications or other therapies to address complications related to the condition.