The phrase "than one's standard deduction" means something is greater than or more than what is considered normal, typical or expected. In tax terms, a standard deduction refers to an amount that can be subtracted from your total income on your tax return without having to provide detailed information about your expenses. The standard deduction varies depending on factors such as age and filing status. When someone's deductions are greater than their standard deduction, it means they have more expenses than the average person in their situation, which can result in a larger tax refund or a lower amount of tax owed.