A volcano is a vent or fissure in the Earth's surface through which molten rock, ash and gas can escape from the magma chamber below. Volcanic eruptions occur when pressure builds up inside the magma chamber and forces the molten rock to flow out of the vent.
Volcanoes are typically found where tectonic plates meet or at hotspots in the Earth's mantle, such as Hawaii. They can be active for long periods of time or suddenly erupt without warning. The type of volcanic activity and its impact on surrounding areas depend on factors like the composition of the magma, the frequency of eruptions, and the amount of gas released during an explosion.
Volcanoes have played a significant role in shaping our planet's landscape, creating new land through the accumulation of lava flows or destroying existing structures with violent eruptions. They also contribute to climate change by releasing large amounts of ash and gases into the atmosphere that can affect weather patterns and reduce sunlight reaching the Earth's surface.