The data above comes from 2012, the most recent data in which average scale score on State tests can be compared to other demographic information. (jonathanpelto.com)
If average scale scores can not be used, a weaker alternative that is still superior to percent proficient would be to allow states to use proficiency indexes. (morganpolikoff.com)
Because student achievement levels vary upon entry across schools, student growth measures are better measures of the impact of a school on student learning than a proficiency rate or average scale test score. (incschools.org)