Analysis of the data showed that former smokers had a 2.2 times increased bladder cancer risk and that the risk was about 4 times higher for current smokers in comparison to never having smoked. (ahealthblog.com)
Based on the potential benefits of proper hydration such as reduced bladder cancer risk, how many cups of water should we strive to drink every day? (nutritionfacts.org)
The role of exposure to cigarette smoke in bladder cancer risk in dogs requires more study, but it would be best to limit exposure to smoke as it can cause other disease in dogs too. (vet.purdue.edu)