Ocean acidification is reducing levels of calcium carbonate minerals in many areas, which will likely hamper the ability of some organisms to create and maintain their shells. (futurity.org)
This acidification occurs in a region with a naturally low carbonate ion concentration, and studies suggest that the surface of the Southern Ocean will become undersaturated with respect to calcium carbonate minerals aragonite and calcite by the end of the century. (usclivar.org)
In a lifeless ocean when carbonate ions rise to a certain concentration, they react with ever - present calcium ions to form calcium carbonate minerals like aragonite and calcite. (landscapesandcycles.net)