Multiple studies have examined longitudinal relations between duration of poverty exposure since birth, cumulative risk exposure, and cognitive performance. (jensenlearning.com)
Research on cumulative risk is growing, however, little work has occurred in low - or middle - income countries, and few studies have focused on processes linking risk to outcomes. (link.springer.com)
A higher score on the family cumulative risk scale indicated a more problematic family environment (range = 0 — 3, M = 0.65, SD = 0.82), whereas a higher promotive score represented a more positive family environment (range = 0 — 4, M = 1.03, SD = 1.04). (link.springer.com)