The phrase "debtor countries" refers to countries that owe money to other countries, international organizations, or banks. These countries have borrowed money and have not yet fully paid back the loans they took. Full definition
There has been criticism of this proposal for avoiding issues of moral hazard in debtor countries. (blog.politics.ox.ac.uk)
The public debt of poor countries gives the WB / IMF combine the leverage for enforcing their «structural adjustment programmes» on debtor countries in need of funds especially for meeting their balance of payment deficiencies. (religion-online.org)
Toward debtor countries American diplomats work through the World Bank and IMF to demand that debtors raise their interest rates and impose taxes and austerity programs to keep their wages low, sell off their public domain to pay their foreign debts, and deregulate their economy so as to enable foreign investors to privatize local electricity, telephone services and other infrastructure formerly provided at subsidized rates to help these economies grow. (michael-hudson.com)