There are some schools of thought which claim that keeping dogs confined is akin to cruelty. (petcarrierverdict.com)
Recent studies confirm that dogs confined in puppy mills for breeding purposes demonstrate impaired health and diminished welfare and carry emotional scars for years. (nationalpuppymillproject.org)
• It also happens on airplanes, and to dogs confined outside without access to reliable shade and drinking water. (preventivevet.com)