It's hard for almost everyone, even trained researchers, to appreciate how much the apparent differences between programs are due to random estimation error. (educationnext.org)
These differences are also almost impossible to estimate with any reliability, as estimation errors will often be larger than the differences researchers are trying to estimate. (educationnext.org)
Was each estimate of the power of the value effect subject to its own estimation error, overlooked by much of the quant community at their peril? (researchaffiliates.com)