Exclusion criteria: all situations that prevented breastfeeding due to the infant's or the mother's conditions: severe neurologic problems or facial malformations that made breast sucking difficult, digestive tract malformations, hospitalisation for longer than 4 months, HIV + mother, death. (cochranelibrary-wiley.com)
The genomic results confirmed Ata's Chilean descent and turned up a slew of mutations in seven genes that separately or in combinations contribute to various bone deformities, facial malformations or skeletal dysplasia, more commonly known as dwarfism. (sciencedaily.com)
Throughout the film the Joker would return to this question over and over again, telling a perpetually changing narrative about the origin of his facial malformation. (flickeringmyth.com)