The researchers also found that despite migratory makeup, relative individualism, residential mobility or ethnic fractionalization, people the world round identify the same three kinds of smiles — reward, affiliation and dominance — and that the frequency with which the three are deployed also vary in neat parallel with a country's historical heterogeneity. (sciencedaily.com)
Los Alamos National Laboratory staff scientist Cristiano Nisoli explained, «The emergence of magnetic monopoles in spin ice systems is a particular case of what physicists call fractionalization, or deconfinement of quasi-particles that together are seen as comprising the fundamental unit of the system, in this case the north and south poles of a nanomagnet. (sciencedaily.com)
In his Perspective, Laughlin provides historical context for the research article of Senthil et al., which proposes that quantum number fractionalization might occur at quantum critical points. (science.sciencemag.org)