This is in sharp contrast to the Arctic Ocean, where very stable layer of halocline prevents mixing between the surface layer and the deeper layer of the ocean»... «In view of the absence of significant surface warming, it is not surprising that the area coverage of sea ice hardly changes in the Circumpolar Ocean despite the CO2 - doubling.» (skepticalscience.com)
Fer, I., 2009, Weak vertical diffusion allows maintenance of cold halocline in the central Arctic, Atmos. (psc.apl.washington.edu)
Between this lower salinity layer and the bulk of the ocean lies the so - called halocline, in which both salinity and temperature are rising with increasing depth. (en.wikipedia.org)