He limits his definition of hierarchical control (iii) to those rules or constraints which arise within such a collection of elements but which affect individual elements of the collection. (religion-online.org)
Theoretical biology must face this problem as fundamental, since hierarchical control is the essential and distinguishing characteristic of life (1970, p. 120). (religion-online.org)
There's a «fascinating balance» between democratic and hierarchical control in the pigeon flocks, he says. (sciencemag.org)