In fact, the initial black hole seeds probably formed via both these pathways. (scientificamerican.com)
Thus, we must wonder whether the first black hole seeds could have formed through other channels. (scientificamerican.com)
Building on the work of several other research groups, my collaborator Giuseppe Lodato and I published a set of papers in 2006 and 2007 in which we proposed a novel mechanism that could have produced more massive black hole seeds from the get - go. (scientificamerican.com)