Ignition timing refers to the precise moment when a spark is created to ignite the fuel in an internal combustion engine. It determines when the spark plug fires, which affects the engine's performance, power, and fuel efficiency. Full definition
These were all filed around the same time in the late 80's and early 90's, it looks like there was probably a big patent rush for ignition timing control systems. (mechanics.stackexchange.com)
Since the cylinder heads remain cooler, the knock threshold is pushed back allowing greater optimization of ignition timing for improved efficiency. (sybarites.com)
If equipped, it will also use a spark knock detector of some sort to adjust ignition timing. (mechanics.stackexchange.com)