Simply put, "judicial disqualification" means when a judge is removed or disqualified from a legal case because they may have a conflict of interest or bias that could prevent them from making fair and impartial decisions. Full definition
The legal test is thus one of reasonable apprehension which is the sole standard for judicial disqualification in Canadian law. (claytonrice.com)
The ABA Standing Committee on Ethics and Professional Responsibility along with the ABA Standing Committee on Professional Discipline were charged by the ABA with investigating the issue of judicial disqualification and proposing changes to the Model Code of Judicial Conduct. (lawyerist.com)
Refining the Reasonable Apprehension of Bias Test: Providing Judges Better Tools for Addressing Judicial Disqualification Jula Hughes & Philip Bryden 36:1 Dalhousie Law Journal (2013) 171 - 192 (slaw.ca)