The word "myocardium" refers to a thick and muscular layer of tissue that makes up the middle layer of the heart wall. It is responsible for pumping blood throughout the body. Full definition
Intra-myocardial injection of the cells with a thin needle is performed manually at defined target areas of myocardium. (discovery.lifemapsc.com)
Stem cells affect the infarcted myocardium via neovascularization, reduction of apoptosis and paracrine effect, they are able to increase myocardial perfusion, inhibit synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL6 and TNFα) and promote expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL10) minimizing the necrosis damage caused by local inflammatory reaction. (discovery.lifemapsc.com)
In pre-clinical experiments, hESC - derived cardiomyocytes engraft in damaged myocardium and appear to behave like native cells; hESC - derived islet cells engraft, produce the hormones of the endocrine pancreas, and appear to do so under homeostatic control; etc. \ n \ nThere is no evidence of teratomas from differentiated hESC - derived cells and minimal, if any, immune rejection. (the-scientist.com)