A noise model is a mathematical representation of the background noise or interference that can affect a signal, system or measurement. Full definition
Testing sedimentary noise models on the gamma ray log from ODP Site 1119. (nature.com)
Monte Carlo simulations of a sedimentary noise model that links the intensity of sedimentary noise to sea - level change provides an independent method for simultaneously estimating geologic time and sea - level change from astronomically forced depositional successions. (nature.com)
All these studies depend on inferring the statistical properties of the time - series from an assumed noise model with parameters estimated from the residuals. (ipcc.ch)