In 2002, the U.S. Institute of Medicine (IOM) established a conversion factor of 12 for beta - carotene, 24 for other carotenoids with vitamin A activity, and two for beta - carotene dissolved in oil. (westonaprice.org)
However, tomatoes provide a unique variety of other phytonutrients, including other carotenoids (beta - carotene, lutein, and zeaxanthin), flavonoids (naringenin, chalconaringenin, rutin, kaempferol, and quercetin), hydroxycinnamic acids (caffeic, ferulic, and coumaric acid), glycosides (esculeoside A) and fatty acid derivatives (9 - oxo - octadecadienoic acid). (robinskey.com)
Other carotenoids in spinach include neoxanthin, fucoxanthin, violaxanthin, and beta carotene. (supernaturalacnetreatment.com)