This disproportionate racial impact is why there's a long history of civil - rights lawsuits opposing high stakes testing. (npr.org)
In early 2013, parents from 18 cities filed discrimination complaints with the Department of Education's Office for Civil Rights, claiming that recent and proposed school closings are yielding a disparate racial impact. (parentsacrossamerica.org)
appropriate under the Constitution where, as in this case, special racial impact, but no discriminatory purpose, is claimed. (supreme.justia.com)