high risk of bias (e.g. numbers or reasons for missing data imbalanced across groups; «as treated» analysis done with substantial departure of intervention received from that assigned at randomisation); (cochranelibrary-wiley.com)
If our technique is confounded by a lagged feedback of some sort, there should be substantial departures of the mean model inferred global temperature from zero, indicating the presence of a forced signal. (pnas.org)
In terms of hardware, the Vivid is a fairly substantial departure from other recent HTC phones. (bgr.com)